----------------------------Original message---------------------------- I read Hapgood's _Maps of the Ancient Sea Kings_ some time ago, and found it full of logical flaws. First, there are the flaws of circular logic: if X (asserted) then Y, if Y then X (proven?). Second there are numerous geophysical flaws ... especially the point that if the Piri Re'is map shows Antarctica w/out ice, and must therefore be based upon pre-glacial data, then it is rather unfortunate that the outline is that of the modern Antarctica with the ice removed and has no consideration of the effects of glaciation on the land. The Piri Re'is map's depiction of the Americas is not in doubt. Matthew Edney