"When was the analemma first used? "
It was apparently invented in the early 4th century BC by the Greek
mathematician/astronomer Eudoxus. The later great Greek astronomers
Hipparchus and Ptolemy wrote on its use.
There's no history (that I noticed) but a nice web site on the analemma is,
would you believe, www.analemma.com .
Frank Reed
HistoricalAtlas.com
Chicago, IL