----------------------------Original message----------------------------
Reinventing Access
to Federal Government Information
Report of the
Conference on the
Future of Federal Government Information
Chicago, Illinois
October 29-31, 1993
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
PART I, REINVENTING ACCESS TO FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
INFORMATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Mission and Goals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Mission Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Underlying Values . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Statement of Goals. . . . . . . . . . . . 5
The Current State of the Federal Depository
Library Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Historic Principles of the Program. . . . 7
Recent Developments . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Framework for a Model Federal Information
Dissemination and Access Program. . . . . 9
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Responsibilities of Program Partners. . . 9
Organizational Framework. . . . . . . . . 11
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
PART II, REVITALIZATION OF THE FEDERAL DEPOSITORY
LIBRARY PROGRAM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Recommendations for the Government Printing
Office. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Recommendations for Depository Libraries . . . 15
APPENDIX A, LIST OF CONFERENCE COORDINATORS,
FACILITATORS, AND EDITORS. . . . . . . . . . . 17
APPENDIX B, CHICAGO CONFERENCE COORDINATING
COMMITTEE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
APPENDIX C, LIST OF CONFERENCE PARTICIPANTS . . . . 19
PREFACE
For over 150 years, small businesses, entrepreneurs,
students, teachers, researchers, state and local
government officials, voters, veterans, and the general
public have benefitted from a program that provides
Federal information to the American people at no fee. The
Federal Depository Library Program, operating on a modest
budget, has achieved great success by reaching people in
every Congressional District.
The continuing effectiveness of this long-standing
Program and the public's access to government information
are now in jeopardy. Fiscal pressures and the swift
transition to electronic information dissemination have
strained the ability of Federal agencies, depository
libraries, and users to identify, locate, and use
government information.
It was a commitment to public access that drew together
160 documents librarians and information specialists in
a concerted effort to develop a vision for the Future of
Federal Government Information. This working conference
was prompted by the proliferation of electronic Federal
information, the opportunities for access with a new
National Information Infrastructure, and the budgetary
pressures and related organizational issues facing
libraries and disseminators of government information.
The group gathered in Chicago to:
* Articulate a vision for dissemination of
Federal government information.
* Develop strategies for the immediate
revitalization of the Federal Depository
Library Program.
* Identify methods to enhance the role of
librarians in the life cycle (creation,
dissemination, access, use, evaluation, and
preservation) of government information.
Conference participants represented all types of
depository libraries and government information service
providers; librarians from public, academic, law, state,
agency, and other libraries attended. In addition,
members of major library organizations actively
contributed throughout the entire process. This report
reflects the participants' diverse backgrounds and their
common commitment to insuring the public's right to no-
fee and unrestricted access to Federal government
information.
The following report identifies the mission and goals of
an effective and responsive system for the dissemination
and use of public information, reviews the history of and
recent developments affecting the existing Federal
Depository Library Program, outlines the responsibilities
of each partner in a new Federal Information
Dissemination and Access Program, and offers suggestions
and tactics for improving public access to Federal
government information in the near term. Lists of
conference participants, their conference assignments,
and institutional affiliations are also provided.
It is our hope that this report will stimulate discussion
and provide a user-oriented perspective on the issues
surrounding public access to Federal government
information. As administrative and legislative
initiatives that address these issues circulate, the
participants of the Chicago Conference on the Future of
Federal Government Information offer this proposal as a
model against which those ideas may be considered. While
the report specifically addresses the role of libraries
in a model Federal Information Dissemination and Access
Program, we recognize that the emerging information
environment will employ multiple channels for the
dissemination of public information.
PART I
REINVENTING ACCESS TO FEDERAL GOVERNMENT INFORMATION
Mission and Goals
Government information is vital to the economic,
educational, and political health of the people of the
United States. Timely access to Federal information is a
fundamental right of the people. It is a primary
component of public education, access to basic health and
community services, the right to a responsive government,
and achieving the public good.
Mission Statement
The mission of a Federal Information Dissemination and
Access Program, offered through cooperating libraries, is
to provide and insure equitable, no-fee access to
government information in usable and multiple forms to
the people of the United States of America.
Underlying Values
Information collected, created, produced, compiled,
and/or maintained by the Federal government (except for
material restricted for privacy, national security, or
other reasons set forth by law), whatever its form, is
public information. Public information belongs to the
people, is owned by them, and should be accessible to
them. The government holds this information in trust and
is obligated to provide access to this information and to
guarantee its integrity and preservation.
Democracy requires an informed citizenry; access to
government information is necessary for the preservation
of democracy. In order to promote a knowledgeable and
informed populace, access to government information must
not be restricted by administrative barriers, geographic
location, or ability to pay.
Government information:
* supports education, research, scientific, and
technological progress;
* improves public decision-making for economic and
democratic development and well-being;
* assists the public in protecting and pursuing
societal goals such as health, safety, security,
and a clean environment; and
* enables citizens to discharge their civic
responsibilities as guaranteed by the Constitution
and the laws of the nation.
Government creates, collects, maintains, and disseminates
government information. Congress appropriates public
funds for these purposes. Government must safeguard
access to public information by prohibiting exclusive
contracts, privatization of government information, and
the application of copyright to government information.
It also is responsible for facilitating identification of
and access to government information through coordinated
systems of intellectual access (for example, through
catalogs or locator systems) and for establishing and
maintaining programs to make these information products
widely available.
Libraries in each State and Congressional District are
ideal agents for insuring that government information is
readily and widely available. Libraries assist the public
in identifying, locating, and using government
information. Libraries are uniquely situated and
dedicated to providing access to public information.
An organized, cooperative program, such as the Federal
Information Dissemination and Access Program described in
this report, would be an efficient and cost-effective
mechanism for disseminating government information for
both Federal agencies and the public. Except for certain
specified exemptions, government information should be
made available through such a program. Libraries in each
State and Congressional District should be selected to
participate in the Program. Federal information products
provided through the Program should be available to the
general public at no fee. Government agencies and
entities producing publicly funded information should
comply with all laws and regulations regarding the
distribution of information through this Program. A
central coordinating government authority must be
empowered to effectively execute the Program and to
insure compliance by all agencies and entities.
Statement of Goals
A model Federal Information Dissemination and Access
Program should insure public participation in all phases
in the life cycle of government information -- creation,
dissemination, access, use, evaluation, and preservation.
The goals of such a program are:
1. To provide a strong, central, coordinating
government authority to manage and coordinate
Federal information dissemination and access
activities in a manner that balances usability with
cost-effectiveness for the public, libraries, and
government agencies. This central authority should
have statutory authority to enforce agency
compliance with relevant laws, regulations, and
policies.
2. To provide access through libraries to government
information that aids citizens in the discharge of
their civic responsibilities and promotes the
common good.
3. To include Program participants, such as Federal
agencies, libraries, and the public, in the design
of government information products and in the
development and promotion of standards.
4. To provide access to government information
products without restriction by form or by
administrative barriers and regardless of an
individual's geographic location or ability to pay.
5. To provide access to government information (except
that information specifically excluded by statute),
in a timely manner and in forms that are both
appropriate and functional for the user and cost-
effective for government agencies.
6. To provide comprehensive, standardized descriptions
of government information products to enable
individuals to identify and locate relevant
material.
7. To insure the integrity, accuracy, reliability, and
archival preservation of information produced by
government agencies.
8. To provide government information products through
the Program at no charge to libraries in the
Program and to all others at no more than the cost
of distribution.
9. To promote and coordinate training for librarians
and other information providers in the effective
management and use of government information
products.
10. To facilitate communication among all Program
participants, including the central government
authority, other Federal agencies, users, vendors,
librarians, and other information providers.
11. To evaluate the Program's effectiveness in meeting
its mission and goals.
The Current State of the Federal Depository Library
Program
The Federal Depository Library Program provides no-fee
public access to government- generated information in a
variety of formats, including paper, microform, and
electronic, through a network of libraries. Approximately
1,400 libraries located in all fifty states, six
territories, and the District of Columbia currently
participate. Most depository libraries share resources
and expertise through formal and informal networks and in
cooperation with regional depository libraries. Together,
these libraries attempt to provide both retrospective and
comprehensive government information collections and
services.
History
Distribution of Congressional government information to
libraries was first authorized by the Act of 1813. In
1857, responsibility for documents distribution was
transferred to the Secretary of the Interior, who also
was given authority to designate which libraries would
receive publications. Representatives and Senators were
authorized to designate depository libraries in their
district or state in 1858 and 1859. The Superintendent of
Documents position was created in the Department of the
Interior by the Act of 1869, which also extended
depository distribution to include all executive agency
publications, except those designed for special use.
The Printing Act of 1895 codified all public printing
laws. The act transferred the Superintendent of Documents
position from the Interior Department to the Government
Printing Office, which had been established in 1860. This
legislation became the organic printing act, outlining
the duties and functions of the Government Printing
Office. As described in the New York Daily Tribune in
1894, the Printing Act attempted "to provide for a more
intelligent distribution of government publications by
placing them in depositories across the country where
they will be convenient to access by the public." The Act
also laid the groundwork for standardized description and
a catalog of government information.
The Depository Library Act of 1962 represented the most
significant changes in depository library legislation
since the 1895 Act. The 1962 Act established a network of
regional depository libraries and provided for the
inclusion of additional categories of libraries. Since
1962, the law governing the structure and administration
of the Depository Library Program has remained virtually
unchanged.
Historic Principles of the Program
Although the depository law has been revised several
times over the years, the guiding principles of the
Program basically have remained:
* with certain specified exemptions, government
publications shall be made available to depository
libraries;
* depository libraries shall be located in each State
and Congressional District in order to make
government publications widely available;
* these government publications shall be available
for the free use of the general public; and
* the Federal government and the depository library
community shall share the responsibilities
associated with providing no-fee public access to
government information.
Recent Developments
Fiscal, technological, and policy developments in recent
years, including passage of the Government Printing
Office Electronic Information Access Enhancement Act of
1993 (Public Law 103-40), have propelled the depository
community into serious consideration of the
reorganization of the Program.
* Fiscal Constraints
The budget for the Superintendent of Documents, which is
responsible for the Federal Depository Library Program,
has remained relatively constant in the past decade while
the cost of producing and distributing information has
increased substantially.
Budgets of the institutions housing depository
collections, including public and state libraries,
colleges, universities, and Federal agencies, have also
suffered decreased purchasing power; most have suffered
actual budget decreases. At the same time, the
availability of government information in electronic
formats has required libraries to incur significant
expenditures for hardware, software, and personnel
training in order to provide access to the information.
* Technological Developments
Federal agencies increasingly use desktop publishing,
automated databases, and electronic bulletin boards for
information dissemination. While these technologies have
increased the amount of information generated by the
agencies, their use has often decreased the amount of
information available to the public through the Federal
Depository Library Program, thus either depriving users
of important information or increasing costs to the
public as they are forced to turn to commercially
produced sources for the same information. In addition,
electronically disseminated information is less likely to
be subject to intellectual access systems, like catalogs
or information locators, and less likely to be included
in historical preservation systems. These failings
deprive present and future scholars and users of access
to important government information.
Libraries are also undergoing costly technological
changes to meet the needs of their users. As technology
has made it possible to retrieve and receive information
instantaneously, the demands and expectations of
depository library users have increased. Depository
librarians must continually develop new services to
assist users in an increasingly complex information
environment.
~ Policy Developments
Congressional administration of Executive branch printing
has caused tensions that have resulted in uneven and
incomplete access to government information. Federal
government information policy has not adequately resolved
these jurisdictional concerns, and important agency
information products are often not included in the
Federal Depository Library Program. The Office of
Management and Budget's Circular A-130 (as revised in
1993) encourages Federal agencies to develop electronic
information products but does not require that they be
included in the Federal Depository Library Program. The
Government Printing Office Electronic Information Access
Enhancement Act of 1993 (Public Law 103-40) requires GPO
to provide "a system of online access to the
Congressional Record, the Federal Register, and . . .
other appropriate documents." Except for a pilot project,
Congress has appropriated no funds to implement this law.
Most recently, the ongoing development of a National
Information Infrastructure and issues raised by the
National Performance Review present new challenges to the
Federal Depository Library Program and offer new
opportunities to strengthen and improve public access to
government information products.
The convergence of the developments outlined above has
made it imperative that the depository library community
review and restate the mission and goals for a Federal
Information Dissemination and Access Program for the 21st
century. Ideally, a new program should avoid the
deficiencies of the present system, take advantage of
current and future information technologies, improve
public access to Federal information, and render these
services in an efficient and cost-effective manner.
Framework for a
Model Federal Information Dissemination and Access
Program
Introduction
To provide timely, equitable, and no-fee access to
government information to the public, the Federal
Information Dissemination and Access Program must be a
cooperative network of producing agencies, participating
libraries, and a central coordinating government
authority. The general framework of this Program outlined
below is based on the mission and goals presented earlier
in this report.
Responsibilities of Program Partners
Producing agencies:
1. create quality information products in useful
formats and offer them to the public through multi-
faceted dissemination programs, including the
Federal Information Dissemination and Access
Program;
2. manage the content, design, and production of
information products, mindful that the nature and
purpose of some information products will limit the
range of usable and appropriate formats;
3. solicit and consider input from the public and
Program participants in the design of information
products;
4. release products in a timely fashion and in
sufficient quantities to support the goal of
universal access by the public;
5. notify Program participants about existing and
planned products; and
6. provide technical support and user training.
The central coordinating government authority:
1. identifies, obtains, or provides access to
government information products regardless of form,
except those specifically excluded by statute;
2. works in a proactive partnership with Federal
agencies and other information providers in the
information infrastructure;
3. provides comprehensive, standardized descriptions
(i.e., catalogs or identification/locator systems),
in partnership with other government agencies, for
all Federal information products following
internationally accepted standards for
identification and access;
4. distributes products in a timely fashion and in
sufficient quantities to support the goal of
universal access to the public;
5. distributes or provides access to government
information products, in partnership with other
government agencies, to participating libraries at
no charge;
6. establishes standards and regulations in
cooperation with other government agencies and
administers the Program to assure compliance;
7. facilitates communication between Program
participants, including Federal agencies,
libraries, and the public, in the design of
government information products and in the
development and promotion of standards;
8. provides avenues for evaluation of the Program,
including:
a. advisory councils with members from Federal
agencies, participating libraries, the public,
business and industry, and other users;
b. an ombudsman for operational issues and
concerns; and
c. two-way evaluation of all participants and
partners in the Program;
9. participates in a variety of dissemination options
and channels, including, but not limited to, the
Federal Information Dissemination and Access
Program;
10. coordinates, maintains, and promotes the sale of
Federal information products;
11. assists and coordinates marketing efforts for the
Program and information products;
12. insures that all information products within the
Program are archived and continue to be accessible,
possibly creating, in cooperation with other
government agencies, a national collection of last
resort that is accessible, properly preserved,
well-maintained, and compatible with current and
future technology to maintain the usability of
electronic products, microforms, and other storage
technologies; and
13. requests adequate funding to fulfill its
responsibilities.
Participating libraries and librarians:
1. provide timely public access to their government
information collections and services at no fee to
the user;
2. assist users in the identification, location, use,
and personal acquisition of government information;
3. share resources with other participating libraries
and with nondepository libraries through
interlibrary loan, document delivery, referrals,
union listing, and electronic networks;
4. commit sufficient resources to support
participation in the Program, including sufficient
space, equipment, personnel, and commercially
produced finding tools;
5. anticipate the government information needs of
their local communities and select resources to
satisfy those needs as well as the needs of their
primary clientele;
6. cooperate in the archival function of the Federal
Information Dissemination and Access Program;
7. promote their government information services to
the local community, targeting nondepository
school, public, and special libraries for outreach;
8. meet all procedural and operational guidelines of
the Program;
9. select from available government information
products those products that best meet the
information needs of their constituents and
communities; and
10. create and/or use catalogs and/or information
locators in a comprehensive system that allow users
to identify and locate relevant government
information products.
Organizational Framework
The organization of the Federal Information Dissemination
and Access Program includes the designation of
participating libraries and the relationships between
participating libraries and: (a) other participating
libraries, (b) local communities, and (c) the National
Information Infrastructure. These relationships should be
designed to maximize the visibility and accessibility of
government information.
* Designation of libraries
1. Libraries in every State and Congressional
District should be designated as participating
libraries.
2. A number of participating libraries are needed
to best meet the needs of rural and urban
communities and to achieve the goal of
universal access.
3. Participating libraries should be of various
types, including public, academic, law,
special, and government, and of various sizes
to best accommodate the government information
needs of diverse clientele and communities.
* Organizational and network relationships among
participating libraries
1. Geographic clusters or cooperatives of
participating libraries should be organized by
the libraries themselves to:
a. serve community needs by effective and
efficient cooperation;
b. provide a human connection between
electronic information products and the
user, particularly the new, infrequent,
or unskilled user;
c. insure archival collection and historical
retention of Federal information products
received through the Program;
d. secure funding and support; and
e. guarantee public access to government
information at no fee to users.
2. Participating libraries should develop a
coordinated plan in each geographic cluster
that would:
a. require each participating library to
join at least one cooperating cluster of
libraries;
b. negotiate specific provisions of a formal
agreement among cooperating libraries
according to local needs and with
guidance from the central coordinating
government authority; and
c. develop guidelines and standards for
information dissemination and access
services in conjunction with the central
coordinating government authority.
3. Relationships and agreements between and among
cooperating libraries should provide for
flexibility by:
a. allowing networks to be comprised of
libraries of different types or sizes,
subject expertise, specialized services,
and/or geographic proximity;
b. permitting overlapping cooperative
networks to make the best use of each
library's strengths; and
c. enabling realignments and adjustments to
accommodate change as libraries join
and/or leave the system.
* The Program must have a strong role in the overall
information infrastructure to achieve the goals of
universal access and public participation.
1. Each participating library is the local
community's gateway to government information,
a central part of the local community
information infrastructure.
2. The Program is an integral component of the
National Information Infrastructure,
facilitating the means by which the governed
and the government communicate effectively.
Conclusion
Electronic dissemination will be an increasingly
significant force in the future of Federal information
dissemination and access. While presenting formidable
challenges, electronic information also offers new
opportunities to allow users, producers, and providers to
interact in radically different ways. For users, the
response time between information request and delivery
will improve, and the amount and variety of information
products will increase. For producers, broad and
efficient dissemination will result in cost-savings and
rapid feedback on information content and usability. The
role of librarians will shift from provider to
intermediary as users require increasingly sophisticated
guidance in navigating a complex information environment.
These developments will require a cooperative effort
among all parties to insure a successful transition to an
electronic environment.
The building of a new information infrastructure is a
necessary and worthwhile goal for the nation. But the
effective and beneficial use of this system will depend
upon the availability of skillful navigation. Today and
in the future, it requires extensive technical expertise
and advanced interpretive skills to provide meaningful
information services. The library is and will remain a
common and accessible setting where people from all
backgrounds and skill levels may obtain the necessary
tools and assistance for accessing and using Federal
government information.
PART II
REVITALIZATION OF THE FEDERAL DEPOSITORY LIBRARY PROGRAM
Introduction
The Federal Depository Library Program is in a period of
transition from print-based dissemination to a mix of
print and electronic formats. In this rapidly changing
environment, the Government Printing Office and
depository libraries must take steps in the immediate
future to prepare for the increased availability of
government information in electronic formats and the
implementation of the Government Printing Office
Electronic Information Access Enhancement Act of 1993
(Public Law 103-40). As partners, we must examine how the
Government Printing Office and the Federal Depository
Library Program deal with multiple forms of information
and related issues of production, dissemination, access,
and standardized description.
Recommendations for the Government Printing Office
* Improve communication with government agencies,
depository libraries, and other Federal government
information providers.
1. Strengthen communication with the publishing
agencies through the Federal Publishers
Committee to cooperate on product design and
to improve existing information products.
2. Coordinate with Federal government agencies to
prevent duplication of effort in order to
insure dissemination of materials at no fee to
the depository community.
* Maximize utilization of current and future
electronic information networks.
1. Secure Internet connections for the Government
Printing Office and Library Programs Service.
2. Facilitate communication among and between
depository libraries and the Government
Printing Office through statewide or other
regional networks or library organizations
concerning operational issues.
3. Provide access to electronic government
information using network tools such as
Gopher, WAIS, and other systems under
development.
4. Establish a locator to find, identify, and
retrieve government-produced information and
actively participate in the development of the
Government Information Locator Service.
5. Work with the Depository Library Council
and/or other organizations of depository
librarians to establish a standing committee
to identify publications appropriate for
electronic distribution.
6. Cooperate with the Department of Commerce to
provide free public access to the FedWorld
bulletin board gateway system via depository
libraries.
7. Expand procurement of electronic information
products available through the Government
Printing Office. Make use of existing
Government Printing Office licensed software.
8. Provide libraries with direct access to those
Government Printing Office administrative
databases that would facilitate local
depository operations (e.g., the cataloging
and classification databases).
9. Identify agency experts to provide technical
assistance for electronic products and
Government Printing Office resource people to
support depository technical operations.
* Take a proactive role in the emerging national
information infrastructure.
1. Obtain representation for the Government
Printing Office and/or the Depository Library
Program on the Information Infrastructure Task
Force.
2. Obtain representation for the depository
library community among the members of the
United States Advisory Council on the National
Information Infrastructure.
3. Become involved in development and adoption of
technical standards (e.g., Z39.50), through
standards-making organizations, inter-agency
groups, and individual agencies.
* Maximize the resources of the Depository Library
Program.
1. Evaluate current depository program structure
to more effectively allocate resources.
2. Provide as much flexibility as possible for
geographical regions to develop cooperative
sharing arrangements which meet local needs.
3. Develop mechanisms for documenting and
enforcing formal cooperative collecting
agreements for depository items.
4. Prepare union lists of item selections to
facilitate appropriate interlibrary referrals
and shared collection management decision-
making.
5. Refine the material selection process to allow
for greater specificity; for example, an
expanded Superintendent of Documents
classification system may be a suitable basis
for selections.
6. Work toward an equitable and cost-effective
distribution of depository libraries,
reviewing existing depositories and
recommending retirement of depository status
or other actions where appropriate.
7. Continue to support efforts to share
cataloging responsibilities.
Recommendations for Depository Libraries
* Obtain resources for managing electronic
information.
1. Acquire the hardware and technical support to
provide depository access to electronic
information that is distributed with
search-and-retrieval software (e.g., GO,
BROWSE, ROMWARE) within five years.
2. Set minimum technical and service guidelines
or benchmarks, in collaboration with Library
Programs Service.
3. Notify the Library Programs Service if
assistance is needed to meet the guidelines,
via the Biennial Survey and other
communications.
* Strongly encourage and support sharing of expertise
to insure access to electronic information
products.
1. Participate in the Library Programs Service's
efforts to foster resource sharing through
projects such as the Reader's Exchange, and
Electronic Corner in Administrative Notes.
2. Deliver publications effectively through
national interlibrary loan networks, making
use of all available technologies.
3. Develop consortium-based or other projects for
the efficient delivery of government
information.
4. Improve document delivery for electronic
material by increasing use of and
experimenting with dial-up access, Internet
connections, shared access to networked
CD-ROMs, and other mechanisms.
* Seek additional funding for technology-related
services and equipment.
1. Identify government and nongovernmental grants
and other potential sources of financial
support to acquire network connections,
equipment, and technical expertise.
2. Propose new legislation for technological
grant monies or seek the reallocation of
current funding to support connectivity and
technological advancement of depository
libraries.
* Contribute to planning for the development of the
National Information Infrastructure.
1. Support existing liaison programs between
library organizations and user groups.
2. Serve as advocates for public access to
government information and assist advocacy
efforts by publicizing background information,
current developments, and names and addresses
of those responsible for information
infrastructure planning and policy.
* Create a depository library association which takes
advantage of the annual Depository Library
Conference, the only national meeting open to all
depository librarians.
1. Forge alliances with other information-
provider organizations and public interest
groups interested in government information
dissemination and access issues, policies, and
programs.
2. Establish an internship program to place
experienced depository librarians with the
Depository Library Program to provide on-site
training and depository consulting services.
Funding opportunities may include fellowships,
grants, paid sabbaticals from depository
institutions, or exchange programs.
APPENDIX A
LIST OF CONFERENCE COORDINATORS, FACILITATORS, AND
EDITORS
Coordinators
Julia F. Wallace and Gary Cornwell
Area Facilitators
Area I - Articulation of the Program
Facilitator: Sandy Peterson
Area II - Framework for a New Program
Facilitator: Diane Garner
Work Group Leaders: Tom Andersen and Sandra McAninch
Area III - Revitalization of Current
Depository Library Program
Facilitators: Anne Watts and Carol Watts
Work Group Leaders: Melissa Lamont and Linda Kennedy
Area IV - Long Range Planning
Facilitator: Jack Sulzer
Work Group Leaders: Duncan Aldrich, Bill Sudduth, and
Linda Kopecky
Area V - Legislative and Regulatory Reform
Facilitator: Stephen Hayes
Work Group Leaders: Ridley Kessler and Susan Tulis
Conference Facilitator
Prue Adler
Hotel Liaison
John Schuler
Editors
Diane Garner
Cheryl Nyberg
Daniel O'Mahony
Sandy Peterson
Denise Stephens
Bill Sudduth
APPENDIX B
CHICAGO CONFERENCE COORDINATING COMMITTEE
Dupont Circle Group
Chairs
Gary Cornwell and Julia Wallace
Members
Duncan Aldrich
Tom Andersen
Francis Buckley
Diane Garner
Carol D. Gordon
Steve Hayes
Sally Holterhoff
Linda Kennedy
Ridley Kessler
Melissa Lamont
Sandee McAninch
Kay Melvin
Lois Mills
Sandy Morton-Schwalb
Daniel O'Mahony
Sandra Peterson
John Shuler
Jack Sulzer
Susan Tulis
Carol Watts
Facilitator
Prue Adler
American Library Association
Government Documents Round Table
Committee on Restructuring the FDLP
Bill Sudduth, Chair
Dan Barkley
Raeann Dossett
Linda Kopecky
David Larkin
Alexandra Lutz
Mary Martin
Andrea Sevetson
Anne Watts
Cynthia Wolff
APPENDIX C
LIST OF CONFERENCE PARTICIPANTS
Prue Adler
Association of Research Libraries
Duncan M. Aldrich (4A)
University of Nevada, Reno
Tom Andersen (2A)
California State Library
Mary Gay Anderson (2A)
University of Florida
Paul A. Arrigo (2A)
Washburn University School of Law
Bart Austhof (3B)
University of Northern Iowa
Gil Baldwin (3A)
U.S. Government Printing Office
Julia Baldwin (1, 5A)
University of Toledo
Dan Barkley (5B)
Wake Forest University
George Barnum (2B)
Case Western Reserve University
Walter Baumann (2B)
DePaul University Law Library
Mary E. Beall (4A)
University of Illinois-Chicago
Kathleen Beaver (4C)
Alverno College Library Media Center
Clare Beck (5B)
Eastern Michigan University
Carol Bednar (4A)
California State University, Fullerton
Jean Beeman (2B)
Rockford Public Library
Marjorie C. Bengtson (1, 5A)
University of Illinois, Chicago
Dorie Bertram (2A)
Washington University Law Library
Anne Birkam (2B)
Hoyt Public Library
Alma E. Blakley (4B)
Gary Public Library
Sharon Bradley (5A)
Thomas M. Cooley Law School Library
Johanna B. Brown (4B)
California Polytechnic State University
Helen Burke (4A)
Minneapolis Public Library
Rebecca Burke (3B)
Arizona State University
Jo Ann Calzonetti (2A)
West Virginia University
George Carlson (3A)
Santa Clara University
Jane Chamberlain (3A)
Illinois State University
Eleanor L. Chase (2B)
University of Washington
Joan Cheverie (1, 5A)
Georgetown University
Susan Chiasson (3B)
University of Central Oklahoma
Marie Clark (2A)
Duke University
Renata G. Coates (2B)
University of California, San Diego
Kay Collins (5A)
University of California, Irvine
Gary Cornwell
University of Florida
Bob Davis (4C)
St. Louis University
Judy Depew (3B)
Florida State University
Raeann Dossett (4B)
University of Illinois, Urbanna
Susan Dow (2B)
SUNY-Buffalo Law Library
Amy Ferguson (3A)
Indiana University
Olive G. Forbes (4B)
University of Texas-Austin
Robert J. Fortado (1, 5A)
Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville
Diane Garner (2)
Harvard University
Judith Gaskell (5A)
DePaul University Law Library
Ann Glascoff (5A)
Governors State University
Carol Gordon (2A)
Milwaukee Public Library
Paulette Harding (5A)
Poplar Creek Public Library
Cassandra Hartnett (1, 5A)
Detroit Public Library
Stephen Hayes (5)
University of Notre Dame
Anne Heanue (3A)
American Library Association
Washington Office
Stephen Henson (2B)
Louisiana Tech University
Bernadine Abbott Hoduski (5B)
U.S. Joint Committee on Printing
Julie Hoff (2A)
University of Kansas
Sally Holterhoff (5B)
Valparaiso University Law Library
Judy Horn (4C)
University of California, Irvine
George R. Jackson (3A)
University of Minnesota Law Library
Kelly Janousek (5A)
California State University, Long Beach
Janet C. Jenks (4C)
California Institute of Technology
Jacqueline F. Johnson (3B)
Indiana University-Southeast
Stephen K. Johnson (5A)
Oklahoma State University
Kathleen Keating (1, 5A)
University of New Mexico
Maurie Caitlin Kelly (4A)
University of Illinois, Chicago
Linda Kennedy (3B)
University of California, Davis
Scott Kennedy (1, 4B)
University of Nebraska, Lincoln
William Gray Kenz (3B)
Moorhead State University
Ridley R. Kessler, Jr. (1, 5A)
Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Karen Kimber (2A)
Wright State University
Linda Kopecky (4C)
Sangamon State University
Melissa Lamont (3A)
University of Connecticut
David Larkin (1, 5A)
University of Texas, El Paso
Richard Leacy (2B)
Georgia Institute of Technology
Mary Jane Ledvina (1, 5A)
Central Missouri State University
Lynn Lenart (4B)
University of Akron
Terry Long (4B)
Virginia State Law Library
Alexandra Lutz (3B)
New York Public Library
Greta Marlatt (3A)
San Diego State University
Mary Martin (2A)
Claremont Colleges
Ann Marshall May (2A)
El Paso Public Library
Sandra McAninch (2B)
University of Kentucky
John McGeachy (3A)
North Carolina State University
Michele McKnelly (3B)
University of Wisconsin, River Falls
Judy Meadows (5A)
State Law Library of Montana
Ann E. Miller (1, 3A)
James Madison University
Lois Mills (5B)
Western Illinois University (Emerita)
Carol L. Moody (4A)
St. Louis University Law Library
Jill A. Moriearty (4B)
University of Utah
Sherry Mosley (5A)
Florida International University
Chariyar Nillpraphan (4A)
Oklahoma City University
Jim Noel (4B)
Marcive
Sheila Nollen (4A)
Western Illinois University
Cheryl Nyberg (2A)
University of Illinois Law Library
Lois A. O'Brien (2B)
Marquette University law Library
Daniel O'Mahony (1, 2A)
Brown University
Bill Olbrich (4C)
Washington University
Michael R. Oppenheim (4A)
California State University, Los Angeles
Carolyn Ottow (4C)
Oklahoma State University
Cindy Page (1, 3A)
Houston Public Library
Roberta Palen (5A)
Chicago Public Library
Maggie Parhamovich (5A)
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Sandy Peterson (1, 3B)
Yale University
John Peters (5B)
State Historical Society of Wisconsin
John B. Phillips (2B)
Oklahoma State University
Aimee Piscitelli (5B)
Eastern Washington University
Margaret S. Powell (2B)
The College of Wooster
Mary Webb Prophet (2A)
Denison University
Melanie Putnam (1, 4A)
Ohio State University Law Library
Beverly Railsback (4B)
New Jersey State Library
Mary Redmond (5B)
New York State Library
Chris Rogers (5A)
Spartanburg County Public Library
Debora A. Rougeux (2A)
University of Pittsburgh
Judith S. Rowe (5B)
Princeton University
David Rozkuszka (1)
Stanford University
Ann Sanders (5A)
Tennessee Technological University
Carolyn Sanford (4C)
Carleton College
Robin Satterly (5A)
Haverford College
Joyce Lynn Schaffer (5A)
Montclair State College
Kay Schlueter (4B)
Texas State Law Library
Ralph Lee Scott (4C)
East Carolina University
Andrea Sevetson (2B)
University of California, Berkeley
John A. Shuler
University of Illinois-Chicago
Mary K. Sine (3B)
Virginia State Library and Archives
Timothy M. Skeers (3B)
Northern Illinois University
Patrice Stearley (2A)
Northeastern Illinois University
Denise Stephens (3A)
University of Virginia
Walter Stubbs (2B)
Southern Illinois University
Bill Sudduth (4B)
University of Richmond
Jack Sulzer (4)
Penn State University
Vicki Tate (5A)
Illinois State University
Virginia Thomas (3A)
University of Miami Law Library
Susan Tulis (5B)
American Association of Law Libraries
Philip Van DeVoorde (1, 5A)
Iowa State University
Lily Wai (3B)
University of Idaho
Margaret S. Walker (3A)
Florida Atlantic University
Julia F. Wallace
University of Minnesota
Lynn Walshak (5A)
Georgia Southern University
Anne Watts (3)
St. Louis Public Library
Carol Watts (3)
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
U.S. Department of Commerce
Kathleen Webb (4C)
University of Dayton
Karen Ann Weston (1, 4C)
University of Wisconsin-Whitewater
Edwin Wiles (3B)
Oklahoma City University Patrick J. Wilkinson (2A)
University of Vermont
Cindi Wolff (3A)
University of Oklahoma
Karen Worley (1, 3B)
Haverford College
Betsy Vipperman Wright (3B)
Wisconsin State Law Library
Jacqueline S. Wright (4C)
Arkansas Supreme Court Library
Bobby C. Wynn (5A)
Fayetteville State University
James D. Young (2B)
U.S Government Printing Office
Alan Zoellner (5A)
College of William and Mary
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