Gundlach, J., 1877, reported N. zebra from Puertorico near Aguadilla in
freshwater. Jahrbuch der malakol. Gesellschaft, 4: 354.
Henk K. Mienis

----- Original Message -----
From: "Thomas E. Eichhorst" <[log in to unmask]>
To: <[log in to unmask]>
Sent: Wednesday, August 11, 2004 7:25 PM
Subject: Re: Freshwater barnacle


> Kurt,
>
> I do not know.  The two species are obviously very closely related, but I
> have not seen a specimen of V zebra from that far north (all of my
specimens
> are from Brazil - some quite a distance inland).  I would be very
interested
> in either borrowing the specimens to look at or seeing an image, as this
> would really change the range data I have on that species.  The only
> Caribbean Island specimen of V usnea I have is from Jamaica and it is
> obviously V usnea, though much lighter in color and with fewer stripes.
If
> anyone has representatives from other islands I would be very interested
in
> seeing them also.  I see no reason why V zebra couldn't be found on
Trinidad
> and Tobago.  It is much more a freshwater species than V usnea.  Vitta
> sobrina on the Pacific coast of Mexico and Central America is probably a
> remnant population of V zebra from before the Isthmus of Panama.  Both V
> zebra and V sobrina can be found inland in streams above waterfalls - thus
> without any salt water influence.  Interestingly, the shells often suffer
> the further inland one finds them, except in areas of limestone
> outcroppings.  Moving into freshwater involved the initial battle for
> osmoregulation, but there is an ongoing battle against the higher acidity
of
> freshwater streams.
>
> Tom Eichhorst
>
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