My collection from Kwajalein - South Pacific - near date line and Equator.
It contains shells from the Med, Red Sea, Japan, Texas, and elsewhere.

The islands were controlled by the Polynesians, Germans, Japanese,
Americans,
and naturally the Marshallese.   Ships from the world ported there and
shells along with slugs and some fish were 'salted' there as a food and
resource
operation by the Japanese in the early 20th century.  Since then, Naval
ships
and cargo from Oil to food were transported there.

Having a wide resource of native and some of these 'extras' - made for a lot
of head scratching I can attest to that!

Martin

Allen Aigen wrote:
> >From the NY Times:
> In the South Pacific there’s a species of snail that never got the message that hitchhiking can be dangerous. Young snails ride on the back of a larger relative to migrate upstream.
>
> Yasunori Kano of the University of Miyazaki in Japan observed the behavior by specimens of Neritina asperulata in the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu. Juvenile snails, each about an eighth of an inch in size, were attached to the shells of subadults of N. pulligera, which are about an inch long.
>
> N. asperulata are born in freshwater but as larvae are swept downstream to the ocean. They must then migrate back upstream, often five miles or more. Riding on the back of a larger snail increases the success rate for this migration by speeding up the process, though it still probably takes one to two years to travel about 2.5 miles, Dr. Kano says in a paper in Biology Letters. The behavior may also provide some protection from predators.
>
> While the juveniles of other snail species are known to attach themselves to larger snails, Dr. Kano writes, in these cases the behavior seems to be optional — there are plenty of free-living juveniles around. N. asperulata, on the other hand, hitches a ride from necessity. Dr. Kano writes that to his knowledge, it’s the first reported case of hitchhiking “that shifts the cost of migration onto other organisms while reaping the benefit.”
>
>
>
>
>
> Allen Aigen
> [log in to unmask]
>
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--
Martin H. Eastburn
@ home at Lions' Lair with our computer lionslair at consolidated dot net
TSRA, Endowed; NRA LOH & Patron Member, Golden Eagle, Patriot's Medal.
NRA Second Amendment Task Force Charter Founder
IHMSA and NRA Metallic Silhouette maker & member.
http://lufkinced.com/

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