This must be in relation to natural salt deposits underground or
underwater. Salt domes are common in the coastal area and one
might be opened and over salting the area.
In fact, there are many in the Gulf coast area and are used to make
caustic soda and other chemicals. Dow is one company that uses
them in this way, first taking water from the Mississippi for the chemicals
wanted and then from the domes they have when water flow is low.
I was an instrument that got turbine sensors on the massive power plants
that generated power to make caustic soda and chlorine. Working in that
plant was a hazard and you signed your life away when entering. Chlorine
gas clouds were common on the location. A 10 mile x 10 mile city unto
itself.
Martin
On 1/8/2016 12:33 PM, José H. Leal wrote:
> Quick follow-up note to observe that in some, unusual cases the
> estuary is consistently of higher salinity than the nearby saltwater.
> There are many instances of estuaries formed where hyper-saline
> coastal lagoons meet the sea. The Araruama lagoon and associated
> channel in the eastern part of Rio de Janeiro State in Brazil (near
> Cabo Frio) is one of them, and I am sure there lots of other examples
> around the world. In these cases, the marine plants and invertebrates
> are relatively constrained at the estuary "mouth" by the potentially
> large fluctuations from "normal" to high salinity during the tidal
> cycles.
>
> On Fri, Jan 8, 2016 at 1:28 PM, José H. Leal <[log in to unmask]> wrote:
>> Quick follow-up note to observe that in some, unusual cases the estuary is
>> consistently of higher salinity than the nearby saltwater. There are many
>> instances of estuaries formed where hyper-saline coastal lagoons meet the
>> sea. The Araruama lagoon and associated channel in the eastern part of Rio
>> de Janeiro State in Brazil (near Cabo Frio) is one of them, and I am sure
>> there lots of other examples around the world. In these cases, the marine
>> plants and invertebrates are relatively constrained at the estuary "mouth"
>> by the potentially large fluctuations from "normal" to high salinity during
>> the tidal cycles.
>>
>> Cheers, abraços, José
>>
>> On Fri, Jan 8, 2016 at 12:59 PM, David Kirsh <[log in to unmask]>
>> wrote:
>>> Thanks, David. This variability has to have implications for the viability
>>> of organisms in such an environment. I have the impression that the number
>>> of species is much lower than in an adjoining marine environment, generally.
>>>
>>> David Kirsh, LPC, RN
>>>
>>> Sent from my iPhone
>>>
>>>
>>> On Jan 8, 2016, at 12:46 PM, David Campbell <[log in to unmask]> wrote:
>>>
>>> Although I've always heard the term "brackish" as referring to salt levels
>>> between fresh and normal marine, it is true that many habitats that can be
>>> brackish can also get hypersaline on occasion. Intertidal habitats can
>>> range from freshwater (rain at low tide) through dry or normal ocean to
>>> hypersaline (salt water evaporating on a sunny day).
>>>
>>> On Fri, Jan 8, 2016 at 12:37 PM, David Kirsh <[log in to unmask]>
>>> wrote:
>>>> Last May, on my "Eco-tour" ferry from Folly Beach to Morris Island, the
>>>> guide contended that brackish estuary water can be hypersaline, i.e. more
>>>> saline than seawater, due to the quantity of salt draining from the marshes.
>>>> I was dubious but I guess it's plausible that estuary salinity can
>>>> fluctuate greatly, enough so that it can exceed typical marine salinity.
>>>> I'd always assumed brackish water salinity would be lower than ocean.
>>>>
>>>> Anyone familiar with this?
>>>>
>>>> David Kirsh, LPC, RN
>>>>
>>>> Sent from my iPhone
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> On Jan 8, 2016, at 12:08 PM, David Campbell <[log in to unmask]> wrote:
>>>>
>>>> Certain oysters, such as modern Crassostrea, tolerate more brackish
>>>> conditions. (There's potential confusion, in that Gryphaea has been
>>>> incorrectly applied to Crassostrea in the past - reference to modern
>>>> Gryphaea angulata is the European population of Crassostrea gigas). But
>>>> Gryphaea itself seems to be fairly firmly marine. There are similar forms
>>>> as early as the upper Triassic, but this looks likely to be true Gryphaea
>>>> from the Jurassic. There are a number of freshwater snails and clams
>>>> present in some of the same deposits as the classic western North American
>>>> dinosaurs; in fact, some unionoids can be found squashed in dino footprints
>>>> on occasion. The aragonitic shells of the freshwater snails and clams are
>>>> generally replaced by silica, altered to calcite, or preserved only as
>>>> molds, though there are rare examples of aragonite preserved as far back as
>>>> the Carboniferous.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> On Fri, Jan 8, 2016 at 11:47 AM, Allen Aigen
>>>> <[log in to unmask]> wrote:
>>>>> The shallow inland sea in the area rose and spread over the land and
>>>>> shrank back a number of times, so you can get interbedded marine and land
>>>>> strata. Modern oysters are commonly from estuaries with low salinities,but
>>>>> there is at least one that lives in fresh water and some that tolerate high
>>>>> salinity. Gryphaea is common from shallow marine water. If you take a
>>>>> hammer to a common oyster from a sea-food store, you will see that the shell
>>>>> is laminate, unlike most bivalves, but characteristic of the oyster group.
>>>>> Horny opercula normally do not get preserved as fossils.
>>>>>
>>>>> Allen Aigen
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> ________________________________
>>>>> From: "[log in to unmask]" <[log in to unmask]>
>>>>> To: [log in to unmask]
>>>>> Sent: Friday, January 8, 2016 11:22 AM
>>>>> Subject: Re: [CONCH-L] Fossil snail with operculum-link to photos
>>>>>
>>>>> Interesting. The same man was telling me he found dinosaur footprints
>>>>> from a 'saur about the size of a horse (like the really mean critters in
>>>>> 'Jurassic Park') nearby. Perhaps Gryphaea could live in brackish marsh
>>>>> waters? Can you tell me more? Our collection of fossils is scanty, and I
>>>>> have not collected nor studied any fossil shells. You could reply to my
>>>>> email address <[log in to unmask]>. Thanks.
>>>>>
>>>>> I'm sort of disappointed this isn't a snail. The outside of what we
>>>>> thought was an operculum is lammelate. It looks like the horny operculum of
>>>>> a murex that has dried with the layers separating a little. The original
>>>>> photos show this nicely, but the compressed version doesn't show it well.
>>>>>
>>>>> =============
>>>>> They look like Gryphaea arcuata (Lamarck, 1801) I have from England's
>>>>> Lower Sinemurian, Jurassic (200-150Ma). I believe they are called
>>>>> "Devils' toenails"
>>>>>
>>>>> John
>>>>>
>>>>> At 08:33 PM 1/07/16, you wrote:
>>>>>> ASU has just received this lovely fossil snail from Fred Skillman,
>>>>>> an amateur entomologist who found it in a wash on private land near
>>>>>> Delicate Arch, Arches National Park, Utah. It is such a treasure for
>>>>>> me because it actually has what appears to be fossilized animal and
>>>>>> an operculum which became separated when he was cleaning off
>>>>>> caked-on dirt. I just had to share with all of you. We think it may
>>>>>> date back to the Jurassic.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> To see 5 photos just copy and paste the following link onto your
>>>>>> search engine.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>> https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0B-Vz8pRKgeC8M1NLa1k4U2VZNDg=============
>>>>>> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
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>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> --
>>>> Dr. David Campbell
>>>> Assistant Professor, Geology
>>>> Department of Natural Sciences
>>>> Box 7270
>>>> Gardner-Webb University
>>>> Boiling Springs NC 28017
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>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> --
>>> Dr. David Campbell
>>> Assistant Professor, Geology
>>> Department of Natural Sciences
>>> Box 7270
>>> Gardner-Webb University
>>> Boiling Springs NC 28017
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>>
>>
>>
>> --
>> _______________________________________________________
>> José H. Leal, Ph.D., Science Director & Curator
>> The Bailey-Matthews National Shell Museum
>> Editor, The Nautilus
>> www.shellmuseum.org
>>
>> 3075 Sanibel-Captiva Road
>> Sanibel, FL 33957 USA
>> (239)395-2233
>> fax (239)395-6706
>>
>>
>
>
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