Silvard Kool (1993) studied the anatomy of Haustrum, which he recognized as
a valid genus, and found that it was not closely related to Purpura. He
placed Haustrum in Ocenebrinae and Purpura in Rapaninae (and he synonymized
Thaidinae with Rapaninae.)
Kool, S. 1993. Phylogenetic analysis of the Rapaninae (Neogastropoda:
Muricidae). Malacologia 35:155-259.
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Gary Rosenberg, Ph.D. [log in to unmask]
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