there are lots of commonly used Turbo names that have been incorrectly
applied to multiple species.  The Iconography is very good about
noting such details in the text of the individual species. I dont have
access to my copy right this moment so not sure what it might say
about dfferent shells possibly called 'intercostalis'.

On 5/6/20, Louis Wang <[log in to unmask]> wrote:
>  Hello Steve,
> I don't have this book however I think it's the book I'm looking for about
> Turbinidae! I do find for this family, there're fewer publishings than
> hotter families like Cypraeidae...
> The Kaicher's cards are helpful with the original descriptions! However, I
> think the description for cords and scales are not unique features for a
> certain species because many Turbo species can have stronger or weaker cords
> and scales which makes this feature less consistant. What's interesting is
> there're umbilicus descriptions, means it's fixed for a certain Turbo
> species.
> Why I'm suspecting about umbilicus is I do see 2 species both identified as
> Turbo intercostalis, one with umbilicus and one without...maybe wrong
> identification??
> Thanks and kind regards,Louis
>     On Wednesday, May 6, 2020, 11:41:37 PM GMT+8, steve rosenthal
> <[log in to unmask]> wrote:
>
>  here are two sources that I would try first:
>
> 1.  A Conchological Iconography: Family Turbinidae (A Conchological
> Iconography) Loose Leaf – January 1, 2003
> by Axel Alf & Kurt Kreipl (text) (Author), Kurt Kreipl & Guido Poppe
> Axel Alf (Photographer), ConchBooks (Editor)
>
> this may be findable on Amazon, or from shell dealers who sell books,
> or directly from the publisher.  I have a copy, and still have many
> specimens I can not be 100% sure of. It also doesnt include species
> named since 2003.  I am pretty sure it has all the species mentioned
> in the posted query.
>
> 2.  Sally Kaicher cards for Turbinidae....you can find these online on
> the shell dealer FEMORALE  website,  where all the Kaicher cards are
> viewable for no costs....filed under "Kaicher Cards" and then by
> family, Turbinidae.  An excellent feature of their  website!
>
> On 5/6/20, Ron G. Noseworthy
> <[log in to unmask]> wrote:
>>  Hi, Louis!
>>
>> Living in Korea for the past 20 years, I have handled hundreds of "sora",
>> Turbo cornutus. It is a common food species here, and often found in
>> shell
>> dumps outside of restaurants and "haenyo stations", which the diving
>> women
>> of Jeju Ialand use to clean and process their catch.
>>
>> Most of the T. cornutus found here are spiny but some may be found
>> without
>> spines. Completely spineless ones are quite scarce; I keep them when I
>> find
>> them. However, many may be found with the upper portion of the body whorl
>> spineless and a row of spines developing near the base. They appear to
>> intergrade with the completely spiny ones. Not only subadults, but also
>> adult specimens may be like this. I have some from Japan that are
>> completely
>> spineless.
>>
>> Can someone tell me the difference between T. stenogyrus and T. cornutus
>> (smooth form)? T. stenogyrus has been reported from Korea, but I have
>> never
>> found one.
>>
>> All the best!
>> Ron Noseworthy
>>
>>      On Wednesday, May 6, 2020, 09:26:27 p.m. GMT+9, Louis Wang
>> <[log in to unmask]> wrote:
>>
>>
>> Dear all,
>> Since childhood, I continuously received small Turbo specieslike Turbo
>> intercostalis , and after ages, when I increase my knowledge, Ithink
>> undoubtedly there's a handful of small Turbo species which are very
>> close,I
>> listed all the confusing species as follow:1.Turbo intercostalis2.Turbo
>> cornutus (hornless form)3.Turbo brunneus4.Turbo cernicus5.Turbo
>> smithi6.Turbo haynesi7.Turbo sandwicensis8.Turbo stenogyrus
>> Since they vary a lot in pattern and color which makes this kindof
>> identification not reliable, I would say potiential identifications
>> canstart
>> from following aspects:
>> A. How strong the "cords"texture is there on the body. Some do have less
>> developped "cords"than others.
>>
>> B. Whether  there're multiple produced "scales"on the "cords" or not. The
>> "scales" on "cords"for certain species are less obvious.
>>
>> C.Whether there's a navel on the bottomor not. I think it will be a fixed
>> feature for a certain species.
>>
>> D. Shape of the aperture.
>>
>> Any good ideas for this kind of complexis welcome!
>> Kind regards,
>> Louis
>>
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