John, I hope you will keep us informed of any additional findings. This is an area that needs looked into (i.e., "crossbreeds" & 'throwbacks' of widely distributed species emerging in endemic populations). The "granulata/nucleus" conundrum is only one of several that come from Hawaiian waters. Try the "sulcidentata/ schilderorum" 'crossbreeds,' or the "burgessi/alisonae/ rashleighana/teres" mixtures, or even the simpler "caputophidii/caputserpentis" dichotomy (about which I also just happen to have had an article published in HSN -- on-line at http://www.geocities.com/~makuabob/NSN375CY.HTM ). All of those endemic Hawaiian species came from 'parent' species. In the case of "nucleus/granulata" the one (granulata) is plainly a 'parent' of the granulata. But where did the 'grannie' get those outrageous calluses? It's food for thought. Aloha, Bob Dayle ______________________________________________________ Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com