While I'm on the subject: Does anyone know just how far south Littorina littorea has reached in recent years? I know that, by 1971, Littorina littorea had reached as far south as Chincoteague Island, Virginia (Kraeuter, J. N. 1974. Offshore currents, larval transport, and establishment of southern populations of Littorina littorea Linne along the U.S. Atlantic coast. Thalassia Jugoslavica 10(1/2): 159-170); and by 1978, it had been reported from Wachapreague, Virginia (Bertness, M. D. 1984. Habitat and community modification by an introduced herbivorous snail. Ecology 65(2): 370-381). Has the species expanded its range beyond Wachapreague, and if so, what is the story? ... and/or, are there any published sources? Or who would know? John ---------------------------------------------------------------------- [log in to unmask] - a forum for informal discussions on molluscs To leave this list, click on the following web link: http://listserv.uga.edu/cgi-bin/wa?SUBED1=conch-l&A=1 Type your email address and name in the appropriate box and click leave the list. ----------------------------------------------------------------------