Hi Michael Try this pubication Leslie Jens & Christa Hemmen, Somwang Pathamakanthin - 1999 Rhiostoma (A Monograph of the Intriguing Cyclophorid Genus), 28 pp., Italian- English, ISBN 88-8299-004-4. La Conchiglia Year 31 (292 Supplement) November, Yearbook/Annuario 1999, Evolver Srl, Italia --------------------------------------------- Hello all, can somebody out there point me to some references on details of the snorkel in Rhiostoma (Cyclophoridae) or of similar constructions as, e.g., in Rhaphaulus (Pupinidae), meaning when, how, under which circumstances are these snorkels used for breathing? Are they used only when withdrawn behind the operculum etc.? Any help would be much appreciated. Besides, are there similar structures known in marine specimens? Cheers, Michael ---------------------------------------------------------------------- [log in to unmask] - a forum for informal discussions on molluscs To leave this list, click on the following web link: http://listserv.uga.edu/cgi-bin/wa?SUBED1=conch-l&A=1 Type your email address and name in the appropriate box and click leave the list. ----------------------------------------------------------------------