Hello Steve,

I don't have this book however I think it's the book I'm looking for about Turbinidae! I do find for this family, there're fewer publishings than hotter families like Cypraeidae...

The Kaicher's cards are helpful with the original descriptions! However, I think the description for cords and scales are not unique features for a certain species because many Turbo species can have stronger or weaker cords and scales which makes this feature less consistant. What's interesting is there're umbilicus descriptions, means it's fixed for a certain Turbo species.

Why I'm suspecting about umbilicus is I do see 2 species both identified as Turbo intercostalis, one with umbilicus and one without...maybe wrong identification??

Thanks and kind regards,
Louis

On Wednesday, May 6, 2020, 11:41:37 PM GMT+8, steve rosenthal <[log in to unmask]> wrote:


here are two sources that I would try first:

1.  A Conchological Iconography: Family Turbinidae (A Conchological
Iconography) Loose Leaf – January 1, 2003
by Axel Alf & Kurt Kreipl (text) (Author), Kurt Kreipl & Guido Poppe
Axel Alf (Photographer), ConchBooks (Editor)

this may be findable on Amazon, or from shell dealers who sell books,
or directly from the publisher.  I have a copy, and still have many
specimens I can not be 100% sure of. It also doesnt include species
named since 2003.  I am pretty sure it has all the species mentioned
in the posted query.

2.  Sally Kaicher cards for Turbinidae....you can find these online on
the shell dealer FEMORALE  website,  where all the Kaicher cards are
viewable for no costs....filed under "Kaicher Cards" and then by
family, Turbinidae.  An excellent feature of their  website!

On 5/6/20, Ron G. Noseworthy
<[log in to unmask]> wrote:
>  Hi, Louis!
>
> Living in Korea for the past 20 years, I have handled hundreds of "sora",
> Turbo cornutus. It is a common food species here, and often found in shell
> dumps outside of restaurants and "haenyo stations", which the diving women
> of Jeju Ialand use to clean and process their catch.
>
> Most of the T. cornutus found here are spiny but some may be found without
> spines. Completely spineless ones are quite scarce; I keep them when I find
> them. However, many may be found with the upper portion of the body whorl
> spineless and a row of spines developing near the base. They appear to
> intergrade with the completely spiny ones. Not only subadults, but also
> adult specimens may be like this. I have some from Japan that are completely
> spineless.
>
> Can someone tell me the difference between T. stenogyrus and T. cornutus
> (smooth form)? T. stenogyrus has been reported from Korea, but I have never
> found one.
>
> All the best!
> Ron Noseworthy
>
>      On Wednesday, May 6, 2020, 09:26:27 p.m. GMT+9, Louis Wang
> <[log in to unmask]> wrote:
>
>
> Dear all,
> Since childhood, I continuously received small Turbo specieslike Turbo
> intercostalis , and after ages, when I increase my knowledge, Ithink
> undoubtedly there's a handful of small Turbo species which are very close,I
> listed all the confusing species as follow:1.Turbo intercostalis2.Turbo
> cornutus (hornless form)3.Turbo brunneus4.Turbo cernicus5.Turbo
> smithi6.Turbo haynesi7.Turbo sandwicensis8.Turbo stenogyrus
> Since they vary a lot in pattern and color which makes this kindof
> identification not reliable, I would say potiential identifications canstart
> from following aspects:
> A. How strong the "cords"texture is there on the body. Some do have less
> developped "cords"than others.
>
> B. Whether  there're multiple produced "scales"on the "cords" or not. The
> "scales" on "cords"for certain species are less obvious.
>
> C.Whether there's a navel on the bottomor not. I think it will be a fixed
> feature for a certain species.
>
> D. Shape of the aperture.
>
> Any good ideas for this kind of complexis welcome!
> Kind regards,
> Louis
>
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