Dear all,

Since childhood, I continuously received small Turbo species like Turbo intercostalis , and after ages, when I increase my knowledge, I think undoubtedly there's a handful of small Turbo species which are very close, I listed all the confusing species as follow:
1.Turbo intercostalis
2.Turbo cornutus (hornless form)
3.Turbo brunneus
4.Turbo cernicus
5.Turbo smithi
6.Turbo haynesi
7.Turbo sandwicensis
8.Turbo stenogyrus

Since they vary a lot in pattern and color which makes this kind of identification not reliable, I would say potiential identifications can start from following aspects:

A. How strong the "cords" texture is there on the body. Some do have less developped "cords" than others.

B. Whether  there're multiple produced "scales" on the "cords" or not. The "scales" on "cords" for certain species are less obvious.

C.Whether there's a navel on the bottom or not. I think it will be a fixed feature for a certain species.

D. Shape of the aperture.


Any good ideas for this kind of complex is welcome!

Kind regards,

Louis


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